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Location
Drobeta Turnu Severin city, the residence
of the Mehedinti county, is situated in the west side of Oltenia, in south-west of the
country, on one of the terraces from the left side of Danube, not far from Danube's
emergence from the big narrow path Cazane - Iron Gates. It has the center on 22°33' EST
longitude and 44°38' north latitude, in the sub-carpatic depression of
Topolnita, on the
70 European road, at 353 km away from Bucharest, 210 km from Timisoara and 113 km from
Craiova.
Relief
The area where is situated Drobeta Turnu Severin has the shape of a stepped amphitheater descending from NNV to SSE, from the mountains to plain.
The city has the shape of a rectangle with the length disposed from east to west, on a slightly inclined plateau from north to south. In the highest point of the
town, the altitude is104 m, and the lowermost point is situated near the railway station,
where the altitude is 48.75 above the sea altitude. This plateau slightly inclined to
Danube allowed the quick drain of the rain water, a good sewerage system and a
ordered and aesthetically systematization of the town, with wide and right streets which
are intersecting in right angles.
Severin is surrounded by a hill belt, the most important being Balota Hill, east side, 368 m high.
Geology
In this area there are a lot of sedimentary depots of Mesozoic age, much of them being composed from calcareous rocks which realize a special karst landscape.
The basement of Severin contain granite, grit stone and lime stone. At the entrance in Schela Cladovei there are sulphurous mineral waters.
Climate
Drobeta Turnu Severin has a climate continental - temperate, with Sub-Mediterranean influences.
Particularly in the winter, there are invasions of wet and worm air masses of Mediterranean and oceanic source, resulting a more gentle season.
The summers are generally hot, sometimes with temperatures over 35° C, as a consequence of the tropical hot air invasion.
The yearly average temperature of the air: 11.5° C.
Yearly average precipitation: about 600 mm.
Average speed of the wind: 6 m/s.
The geography and climate made that the Danube waters come down, allowing to the ships to winter, which will determine the building of the harbor and the modern city.
Hydrographic network
Mean hydrographic artery is Danube. The town is limited by the rivers Topolnita (est side) and Bahna (west side), and the rivulets Vodita and Jidostita. The numerous water sources from the platform hem where is situated the city was arranged in a beautiful wells necklace, which give a specific mark to the city.
Upstream of the Iron Gates I, the Danube creates one of his most beautiful sector, the defile. The accumulation lake of the Iron Gates I hydro - electric power plant inundated 3262 ha on the left shore and 6569 ha on the right shore, totaling up a surface of 32000 ha and a water volume of 2550 square meters. The queue of the lake expands as far as 140 km, in the proximity of the Belgrade town, where the Danube regain his original shape.
Soil
In Drobeta Turnu Severin there are podzolitic brown - reddish and hayfield soils.
Natural riches
In the area generally there are the natural sub unities of the Southern Carpats, Genetic Piemont and Romanian Plain, everyone of them containing natural riches of special economic importance. The most distributed resources are building materials (marl, sand and broken stones).
Vegetation and fauna
The land of the city was a plain with oak trees, today keeping a little surface in the north site, of only 12 ha, Crihala wood.
The Park of the Roses from Drobeta Turnu Severin contains hundreds of trees and roses species, flowered on tens of ha.
Mediterranean trees as ficus carica, almond and sweet chestnut trees are, also, specific to the area.
The town is situated in the area of the submezophils, termophils oak trees (cer and gitnita woods alternant with cultivated fields and xeromezophiles lawns).
Fauna is specific to the plain area, being composed from rodents (gopher, hamster and rabbit), birds (quail, starling, bee eater and roller) and reptiles (leaping snake and lizard).
From invertebrates, the most encountered are some butterfly species (swallow queue, peacock eye, admiral), large cabbage white and hedge butterfly.
From the genetic interest animals, the best represented are roebuck (Capraeolus capraea), rabbit and partridge (Perdix perdix).
Ihtiofauna is dominated by barbel (Barbus), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), chub (Leuciscus squalius), river pirate (Esox lucius) and broad snout (Chondrostoma nasus). A special mark is due to the migratory fish eel (Anguilla anguilla), atlantic - Mediterranean - pontic element, which arrive in Danube for maturation just from Atlantic Ocean.
There are in this fauna also some special characteristic animals, as landing tortoise, horn adder, bearded bunting (Emberiza), Mediterranean stone cutter, scorpion.